Wong, S., Ronconi, R., Burger, A. & Hansen, B. Marine distribution and behavior of juvenile and adult Marbled Murrelets off southwest Vancouver Island, British Columbia: Applications for monitoring. CONDOR 110, 306-315 (2008).

 The authors sampled locations of adult and juvenile Marbled Murrelets off the coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, and used GIS to calculate distances and densities associated with various environmental and behavioral predictors.  These predictors include associations with juveniles and kelp beds, proximity to shoreline, proximity to other adults and juveniles and emigration from the study area.  The locations were obtained in two ways: through boat transect surveys 300m from the shoreline, with GPS waypoints of boat location being recorded at 1 minute intervals and with a theodolite from cliff tops overlooking the study area.  The authors used a kernel density analysis in GIS to look at the study site at a coarse scale and determined that the daily tendency of juveniles to associate closely with adults was not repeated at an annual level.  For their fine-scale analysis they looked at the theodolite data and found that adult densities were higher in areas with juveniles and also that juveniles were aggregated significantly closer to shore than adults were.  They also found that using counts of adults versus juveniles may bias your overall productivity estimates if not accounting for emigration of adults away from the study area.  This study is important to me because I am also using a theodolite to record the coordinates of seabirds in the field.  There are good resources in the methods section and literature cited section of this paper.